The origin of lipstick can be cited as 5000 years ago, in the ancient city of Ur, near Babylon. During this time, semi-precious stones were crushed and smeared on the lips as lipstick. In the Indus valley civilization, ladies used to apply red color on their lips. Furthermore, the ancient Egyptian women squeezed out purple-red color from iodine and bromine, leading to serious diseases. With time, it came to be known as 'the kiss of death'. It is said that Cleopatra's lipstick were made from carmine beetles, which when worked with pestle gave a strong red color pigment. This was mixed with ant's eggs, which provided the base. Apart from this, henna was also one of the preferred substances amongst Egyptians. To provide the shimmer to the lipstick, fish scales were used. During the 16th century, the lipsticks became quite popular in England, under the rule of Queen Elizabeth I. She introduced the trend of chalk white faces, teamed with blood red lipstick. At this time, lipstick was made from beeswax and plants. Though women and men were always fascinated by lipstick alike, it was not always supported. In 1653, lipsticks faced opposition from an England pastor Thomas Hall, who led a movement proclaiming that painting of faces was the 'Devil’s Work'. In 1770, England’s parliament passed a law against lipstick, stating that women who seduced men into marriage by means of make up could be tried as witches! In 1800, even Queen Victoria openly spoke against it. However, whatever would have been the scenario, lipsticks became a craze after World War II, owing to the encouragement given by the film industry. In 1930s, Hazel Bishop introduced the kiss-proof lipsticks. During this time, lipsticks contained waxes, emollients, pigments and various oils. The role of the wax was primarily to hold the shape of the lipstick. For this purpose, a variety of wax is used. Apart from this, the other vital ingredients in a lipstick nowadays include olive, mineral and castor oil, cocoa butter, petrolatum and lanolin. Furthermore, moisturizers like Vitamin E, aloe vera, amino acids, sunscreens and collagen are being used in lipsticks. To provide them color, different types of dyes and pigments are used. Lip liner was also introduced in 1990s, after which the two cosmetics came to be known as the lip-duo. Today Lipstick is a must have in every woman's handbag and comes in a variety of packaging, and even it's own accessories, matching, Pencils, Sealers and glosses. Lip Tip: When applying lipstick insure the lips are weel hydrated. Select a lip pencil in a colour that matches your lipstick and line the lips. Then using the same pencil colour the whole lip in (this will keep your colour on.) Apply your lipstick using a brush to ensure neatness. Apply a lipchic sealer over the top (4 layers for red lips) Lastly a dab of gloss in the middle of the upper and lower lip will ensure a glamorous pout. Perfect